The Running Style in English Prose

The Running Style in English Prose The free-running style, said Aristotle in his book On Rhetoric, is the caring that has no regular halting spots, and grinds to a halt simply because there is no more to state of that subject (Book Three, Chapter Nine). Its a sentence style regularly utilized by energized kids: And afterward Uncle Richard took us to the Dairy Queen and we had dessert and I had strawberry and the base of my cone tumbled off and there was frozen yogurt everywhere throughout the floor and Mandy snickered and afterward she hurled and Uncle Richard took us home and didnt state anything. What's more, the running style was supported by the nineteenth century American writer Walt Whitman: The early lilacs turned out to be a piece of this child,And grass, and white and red morning-wonders, and white and red clover, and the melody of the phoebe-bird,And the Third-month sheep, and the sow’s pink-black out litter, and the mare’s foal, and the cow’s calf,And the uproarious brood of the farm, or by the soil of the lake side,And the fish suspending themselves so inquisitively underneath thereand the lovely inquisitive liquid,And the water-plants with their smooth level headsall turned out to be a piece of him.(There Was a Child Went Forth, Leaves of Grass) The running style frequently shows up in the Bible: Also, the downpour plummeted, and the floods came, and the breezes blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and incredible was the fall of it.(Matthew, 7:27) What's more, Ernest Hemingway constructed his vocation on it: In the fall the war was consistently there, yet we didn't go to it any more. It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dull came early. At that point the electric lights went ahead, and it was charming along the roads glancing in the windows. There was a lot of game hanging outside the shops, and the snow powdered in the hide of the foxes and the breeze blew their tails. The deer hung firm and overwhelming and void, and little flying creatures blew in the breeze and the breeze turned their plumes. It was a virus fall and the breeze descended from the mountains.(In Another Country) Rather than the occasional sentence style, with its painstakingly layered subordinate statements, the running style offers a persistent progression of straightforward and compound structures. As Richard Lanham sees in Analyzing Prose (Continuum, 2003), the running style gives the presence of a brain at work, causing things to up as it obliges, sentences impersonating the meandering aimlessly, acquainted punctuation of discussion. In The New Oxford Guide to Writing (1988), Thomas Kane orders the temperances of the running style-which he calls the cargo train style: It is helpful when you wish to interface a progression of occasions, thoughts, impressions, sentiments, or discernments as promptly as could reasonably be expected, without passing judgment on their relative worth or forcing a coherent structure upon them. . . .The sentence style coordinates our faculties much as a camera guides them in a film, directing us starting with one observation then onto the next, yet making a ceaseless encounter. The cargo train style, at that point, can investigate experience a lot of like a progression of isolating sentences. Be that as it may, it brings the parts all the more intently together, and when it utilizes numerous coordination, it accomplishes a high level of ease. In the exposition Paradox and Dream, John Steinbeck embraces the running (or cargo train) style to distinguish a portion of the clashing components in the American character: We battle our way in, and attempt to purchase out. We are alert, inquisitive, cheerful, and we consume a larger number of medications intended to make us uninformed than some other individuals. We are independent and simultaneously totally needy. We are forceful, and helpless. Americans enjoy their youngsters; the kids thusly are excessively subject to their folks. We are self-satisfied in our assets, in our homes, in our instruction; yet it is elusive a man or lady who doesn't need something better for the people to come. Americans are amazingly kind and neighborly and open with the two visitors and outsiders; but then they will make a wide hover around the man kicking the bucket on the asphalt. Fortunes are spent getting felines out of trees and pooches out of sewer pipes; however a young lady shouting for help in the road draws just hammered entryways, shut windows, and quiet. Obviously such a style can be successful in short blasts. However, similar to any sentence style that points out itself, the running style can without much of a stretch stay around too long. Thomas Kane gives an account of the drawback of the running style: The cargo train sentence suggests that the considerations it connects along with linguistic fairness are similarly critical. Be that as it may, normally thoughts are not of a similar request of significance; some are major; others auxiliary. Besides, this sort of development can't show exact consistent connections of circumstances and logical results, condition, concession, etc. To pass on progressively complex connections between thoughts in our sentences, we by and large move from coordination to subordinationor, to utilize explanatory terms, from parataxis to hypotaxis.

Critically analyze the major HRM systems of HP Essay

Fundamentally dissect the major HRM frameworks of HP - Essay Example HP, is utilized deliberately to shape and fortify a specific sort of culture by strengthening certain thoughts, standards, and conduct and by debilitating others. Solid qualities are passed somewhere near the administration and afterward fortified by strategies and customs that stress and prize wanted practices couple with a social system that is comprised of an arrangement of correspondence that is utilized as a device to scatter esteems and make corporate saints. (Barry 2000, p. 107) This paper will investigate the procedures required behind the HP HRM methodology, especially the associations thorough determination and enrollment strategies and the accentuation on representative preparing, remuneration and execution assessment. Underscore that HP, alongside IBM, started the precursors of HRM in its investigations of non-unionized representative administration. For HP, HRM has consistently been related with the sort of individuals the board that put a lot of accentuation on picking up the dedication of individual representatives to hierarchical objectives. Trust in and regard for our kin instead of relying on broad guidelines, methods, etc; which relies on individuals to carry out their responsibility right (singular opportunity) without steady orders. (Gratton 1999, p. 109) One needs to recollect that HP is presently referred to worldwide as an organization that ceaselessly makes inventive items and procedures. That is the reason HP needs to enroll the best individuals as well as those gifted and resolved to work in a pioneering group based condition that breeds advancement. As indicated by Dexter Dunphy (2002), the center methodology that drives HP’s path in building up its human capital lie in the accompanying procedures: The previously mentioned procedures as far as anyone knows make it feasible for HP to have the option to rapidly react to the necessities of the market and the customers’ desires. Such techniques are moored on the improvement of empowering departmental structures like the usage of littler divisions and

The Martian in Class Essay - How Do You Feel About the Martian?

The Martian in Class Essay - How Do You Feel About the Martian?Answering a question like 'how do you feel about the Martian in class?' can be a very difficult essay. The Martian may appear as a non-threatening, consistent example, but when you come up against it in your work or home life, or maybe in a formal setting, the Martian will seem to be fighting against your first impression of him or her. In many cases, the only thing that can fix this is by having a discussion with someone who knows this student's classmates and/or schoolmates.There are few common assignments in the course of a normal class schedule. Often, the teacher will place two papers on the board at the end of each section and you will have the option of choosing one or the other. However, since the child may be in any of the four sections, you cannot simply choose which one he or she would rather have. That is not to say that you have to write the entire essay in the same section, however. You can split it up in an y way you choose and still give yourself an adequate amount of time to write, consider the topic, and really get into the meat of the assignment.If you do choose to write the Martian in class essay and perhaps split it up into other sections, you might want to consider having an essay idea box prepared to go along with the paper. Make the choice and allocate some time to make the idea box while you have the students make their choices.In addition to splitting up the assignment and assigning it to different sections, you might also consider putting a homework paper or homework essay on the board to be read during the period where they split up the assignment. This is to help the students use their time efficiently and to help them practice the skills that will be learned through reading the essay. At least in this way, they will not have to worry about making a choice and figuring out what they need to do or how they can tell what kind of essay it is.Additionally, having a few quiz q uestions for the kids will also help them get better at reading essays. By placing the quiz questions on the board before the assignment, they will have to read the assignment and then learn how to answer those quiz questions. This way, they will be more able to use their skills with essay writing as well as the skills they will be required to learn for the final paper.Finally, having plenty of time is important, so the student should really consider his or her own time when thinking about which assignment to use. If you know that the student has a lot of free time on a regular basis, you might consider moving the assignments up to the end of the day or having the assignment end at night.If you are working on any assignment with a Martian, make sure that you put all the information out there in order for the students to make an informed decision on how they feel about the Martian in class. Hopefully, they will love him or her and you will get the assignment done and you will feel go od about the assignment. Good luck!

Comparison and Analysis Across Theories - 1142 Words

Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Comparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a†¦show more content†¦Since 1970s, person, nursing, health, and environment are considered as the core concepts of nursing theories by many nursing theorists. Person According to Orem, a person is made of a physical, psychological, and social character with variable degrees of self-care ability (Dorothea Orem s Self, 2011.) Roy views a person as â€Å"an adaptive system that responds to internal and external stimuli in their environments† (Alligood Tomey, 2006.) Nursing Orem and Roy have the different attitude toward the concept of nursing. Orem sees nursing as an intervention to meet the daily needs for self-care and medical-care patients need (Dorothea Orem s Self, 2011.) Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roy’s goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy Andrews, 1999.) Health Orem defines health as â€Å"physical, mental and social well being† (Dorothea Orem s Self, 2011.) Roy views health as a method used by patients to obtain their utmost possible health regardless of the presence or absence of disease. Environment Orem and Roy both state the individual existsShow MoreRelatedComparison and Analysis Across Theories1142 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Analysis Across Theories Comparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explainingRead MoreComparison and Analysis Across Theories1145 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principlesRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1775 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Ryan Velasco University of Phoenix NUR/513 March 13, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D., R.N. Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing as a profession has evolved through the contributions of practicing nurse theorists who have worked rigorously toward improving the way nurses approach the art and science of nursing. Through theory development, nursing models, and their conceptual frameworks, they have provided a foundationRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1051 Words   |  5 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nur 513 May 19, 2014 Theory is the core of nursing and nursing process. It describes, explains and predicts the uniqueness of a phenomenon. Theory is analysis and examine to determine the viability in the world of professional nursing. Concepts is the framework and foundation of the theory which consist of concrete and abstracts. The purpose of this paper is to select a core concept that is common to two nursing theories. Compare and AnalysisRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1882 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Julie McKay NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice December 06, 2014 Stephanie Vaughn Ph.D. R.N. CCRN A concept is a term that theoretically describes and names a fact or phenomenon, thus providing it with a separate identity or meaning. Nurses use theories to clarify the events through nursing practice. A concept analysis provides insight to nursing knowledge and understanding of the concepts allows nurses to determine nursing actionsRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1773 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis across Theories â€Å"Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge applied to support nursing practice. Nursing theory is a framework designed to organize knowledge and explain phenomena in nursing, at a more concrete and specific level. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designingRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper1713 Words   |  7 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. ThisRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories NUR/513 October, 22, 2012 Delores Diehl Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing is a science that has many theories to support the beliefs and clinical practice of the profession. One core concept prevalent in many nursing theories is caring. Theorist Jean Watson and Madeleine Leininger are both nursing theorists who developed theories around caring and nursing. The subject of discussion in this paper is the comparison and analysisRead MoreThe Internationalisation Process Of Nigerian Firms907 Words   |  4 PagesGAB. In comparison to other large emerging markets and developed economies Nigerian firms are still in an early stage of development as most sectors of the economy are in their infancy stage. The firms’ expansion behaviours both domestically and internationally would to some extent have an impact on or alter the mainstream internationalisation process theories. Three research questions were developed to address the objectives of this study (1) Do existing internationalisation theories explainRead MoreVerizon Wirelesss Benefits Package 1728 Words   |  7 Pagesthat there was a critical need for a current benefits package comparison. The investigative steps necessary for this analysis for this Capstone Project were found in Section III, and this subsequent chapter, Section IV, submits those findings. Comparative Analysis Process The fundamental aim within this Capstone Project’s was to detail how Verizon Wirelesss benefits package compares in the industry, by process of comparative analysis and implementation of a specific design strategy including the Comparison and Analysis Across Theories - 1142 Words Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Comparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a†¦show more content†¦Many organizations now exist to support the advancement of nursing profession. Sigma Theta Tau International, the Honor Society of Nursing, is created to â€Å"support the learning, knowledge and professional development of nurses committed to making a difference in health worldwide† (STTI Organizational, 2011.) International Orem Society â€Å"promote the advancement of nursing science and provide scholarship in the area of Orems Theory of Self-Care Deficit Nursing to lead to further advancement of knowledge for the discipline of nursing† (International Orem, 2011.) The Roy Adaptation Association (RAA) is a society of nursing scholars who want to â€Å"advance nursing practice by developing basic and clinical nursing knowledge based on the Roy Adaptation Model† (R oy Adaptation, 2011.) These organizations along with progression of the nursing theories will promote the advancement of nursing science and enhance the nursing profession. References Alligood, M., Tomey, A. (2006). Nursing Theory: Utilization Application (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Dorothea Orems Self-Care Theory. (2011, October 14). Retrieved November 6, 2011, from Nursing Theories Web site: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html International Orem Society for Nursing Science and Scholarship. (2011). Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www.orem-society.com/ Keefe, S. (2011). About Nursing Theory. Retrieved October 22, 2011, fromShow MoreRelatedComparison and Analysis Across Theories1142 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Analysis Across Theories Comparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role ofRead MoreComparison and Analysis Across Theories1145 Words   |  5 PagesComparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principlesRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1775 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Ryan Velasco University of Phoenix NUR/513 March 13, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D., R.N. Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing as a profession has evolved through the contributions of practicing nurse theorists who have worked rigorously toward improving the way nurses approach the art and science of nursing. Through theory development, nursing models, and their conceptual frameworks, they have provided a foundationRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1051 Words   |  5 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nur 513 May 19, 2014 Theory is the core of nursing and nursing process. It describes, explains and predicts the uniqueness of a phenomenon. Theory is analysis and examine to determine the viability in the world of professional nursing. Concepts is the framework and foundation of the theory which consist of concrete and abstracts. The purpose of this paper is to select a core concept that is common to two nursing theories. Compare and AnalysisRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1882 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Julie McKay NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice December 06, 2014 Stephanie Vaughn Ph.D. R.N. CCRN A concept is a term that theoretically describes and names a fact or phenomenon, thus providing it with a separate identity or meaning. Nurses use theories to clarify the events through nursing practice. A concept analysis provides insight to nursing knowledge and understanding of the concepts allows nurses to determine nursing actionsRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories1773 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis across Theories â€Å"Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge applied to support nursing practice. Nursing theory is a framework designed to organize knowledge and explain phenomena in nursing, at a more concrete and specific level. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designingRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper1713 Words   |  7 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. ThisRead MoreConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesConcept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories NUR/513 October, 22, 2012 Delores Diehl Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing is a science that has many theories to support the beliefs and clinical practice of the profession. One core concept prevalent in many nursing theories is caring. Theorist Jean Watson and Madeleine Leininger are both nursing theorists who developed theories around caring and nursing. The subject of discussion in this paper is the comparison and analysisRead MoreThe Internationalisation Process Of Nigerian Firms907 Words   |  4 PagesGAB. In comparison to other large emerging markets and developed economies Nigerian firms are still in an early stage of development as most sectors of the economy are in their infancy stage. The firms’ expansion behaviours both domestically and internationally would to some extent have an impact on or alter the mainstream internationalisation process theories. Three research questions were developed to address the objectives of this study (1) Do existing internationalisation theories explainRead MoreVerizon Wirelesss Benefits Package 1728 Words   |  7 Pagesthat there was a critical need for a current benefits package comparison. The investigative steps necessary for this analysis for this Capstone Project were found in Section III, and this subsequent chapter, Section IV, submits those findings. Comparative Analysis Process The fundamental aim within this Capstone Project’s was to detail how Verizon Wirelesss benefits package compares in the industry, by process of comparative analysis and implementation of a specific design strategy including the

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1416 Words

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been scouring the planet for over three decades. It has a powerful ability to deteriorate a human body in a small length of time. This deadly virus attacks the human body’s immune system and can only survive in the human as its host. The virus is only contracted through body fluid exchange, for example, vaginal fluid, semen, intravenous drug users, and sexual intercourse is the most common way of contracting it. The virus attacks the T cells (type of white blood cell) which are important for our fight against infection and replicates itself using our cells as a moderator for their existence. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is classified as a syndrome because it is a complex illness with a†¦show more content†¦At the end of 2011, the reported new cases of the virus had confirmed diagnoses and give a total figure of around 34 million globally. HIV virus has ascended over the years and is still on the rise causing concern for the welfare of society worldwide, although this is said to be stabilising due to the number of people accessing anti-retroviral treatment worldwide. AIDS (the final stage of HIV) has taken the lives of over 30 million people globally from the outbreak of the first epidemic in the early 1980’s. (Avert.org, 2014 worldwide HIV and AIDS statistics). In 2004, an estimated 42,000 people in the United Kingdom (UK) had accessed medical treatment and care . The figures identified in 2011 proves an increase in the number of diagnosis as the figure doubles at a staggering 81,000 cases. (Nat.org.uk, 2014) This is just in the UK alone which is alarming to the pandemic as the UK has access to a range of exemplary health care and a growing health system with the affordability to fund medical advances. The incidence and prevalence of HIV seems to be precarious in different parts of the globe. Societal changes influencing the spread of HIV The speeding advancement of transmission and contraction of HIV is predominantly down to the way our society works. There are many factors which can influence the increase in statistics, but this depends on where in the world the

Old English Essay Example For Students

Old English Essay Listening to Dick Leith reading the Caedmon extract aloud, (U210 Audio Cassette 1 Band 3 The sounds of Old English), we can appreciate the consonant stress and the truncated style. Comparing this with the verse above shows us that although the piece is influenced by the Normans literary styles as speech communities do take time to adopt and change. The Reformation was seen as a time of science and order in Britain and Europe. English benefited from this as it was steered from being a vernacular language to a national one largely through advances in printing. William Caxton was central to introducing a national standard in printing to Britain. After printing his first translation in 1473, the course was set to print newspapers using a standardized East Midlands English. Up to now consistent spelling wasnt considered important and written English became largely phonetic with no standard to observe. This would have helped regulate such irregular spellings like blau and blaw as in this verse dated 1272 from York: wel qwa sal thir hornes blau haly Rod thi day nou is he dede and lies law was wont to blaw thaim ay Source: (Graddol, Leith Swann P124). Much was made of standard English brought about by Caxton. Educators became aware of the need for a prescriptive grammar as they considered the relationship between written and pronounced English. Puttenham tells us from his extract in 1579, (Graddol, Leith Swann PP146/7), that while northern speech is the purer English Saxon, deference should be shown to courtly current Southern English that developed around Londons power base. Dr Samuel Johnsons dictionary completed in 1755 helped fill the void, making rules for language based on reason rather than whims of writers. For example, Caedmons Old English text contains a line Ne con ic noht singan (I dont know how to sing). This used double negatives ne and noht, so according to Johnson illogical therefore incorrect: Given the French negative construction n and pas and the influence that French had on the English Language, Johnsons comments could be seen as correct yet directed against French influence. However, in modern colloquial English double negatives appear, as in colloquial French today /pas/ occurs alone. American lexicographer Noah Webster sought to get rid of what he saw as the class bound perspective of Dr Johnson , (Graddol, Leith Swann P198) developing a classless dictionary, and in 1828 produced The American Dictionary of the English Language to correct Johnsons faults. Webster saw Johnsons dictionary using the same letters often representing different sounds and the same sounds often expressed by different letters (Graddol, Leith Swann P91): Spellings such as tire, tonite and sidewalk replace tyre, tonight, and path getting rid of redundant silent letters and words replacing them with, in Websters view, something more phonemically correct or reinventing the word anew as in the sidewalk example. When considering the development of English from Anglo Saxon to Chaucerian times that scribes were not consistent and English was randomly evolving as there were no strict rules to follow as in Latin or Old English. English transformed from being largely inflectional to language that altered syntax to convey written meaning. Borrowings from Scandinavian and French invaders regionalized vocabulary, changed spelling; vowel and consonant sounds, yet some Old English sounds still remain. Printing technology and scientific thinking helped English truly progressed to develop into a language that was manageable and could be regulated. In recent times the American influence has challenged the standard along with various Englishes worldwide, but the historic thread running through the English Language is strong, arguably keeping the cohesion of a standard from unravelling and regressing back to the unregulated language of the middle ages. .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .postImageUrl , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:hover , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:visited , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:active { border:0!important; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:active , .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812 .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ff8beace7d969976b8bf713fd6fd812:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison of the Poems Dover Beach and Snake EssayReferences: Graddol et. al : 1996 English history diversity and change. Routledge in association with the OU. U210 Study Guide. Graddol et. al : Describing Language 1994. OU Press. Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language Second Edition 2003 Cambridge University Press. Open University Audio Cassette 1 2067 words.

Marxian vs. Positivism Perspectives free essay sample

Marxian vs. Positivism Perspectives Crime and deviance are issues that dominate the public’s imagination; the study of which involves a number of contributing disciplines, criminology, statistics, psychology, biology to name a few but the largest contributor is sociology. There have been major changes in the way Sociologists perceive and study deviance over the years. In this essay the author will briefly compare and contrast the perspectives of Marxian and Positivism as they relate to the issues of crime and deviant behavior.The author will offer her opinion as to which perspective she feels best relates to her understanding of crime and deviance. According to Goode (2011), deviance is an analytic category; humans evaluate one another according to a number of criteria, including beliefs, behavior and physical traits. If according to the judgment of a given audience doing the evaluation, someone holds the â€Å"wrong† attitude, engages in the â€Å"wrong† behavior, or posse sses the â€Å"wrong† traits or characteristics, he or she will be looked down upon, treated in a negative, punishing, and condemnatory fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on Marxian vs. Positivism Perspectives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deviance and crime are linked in an explicit sense because all crime is technically considered deviant behavior, but not all deviant behavior is criminal. A crime is any act which breaks the formal, written laws of a state; formal sanctions (or punishments) await those involved in either committing a crime, or allowing such acts to take place; deviance is any act that breaks society’s unwritten rules, or expected ‘norms’ of behavior (non-conformist behavior); informal sanctions may await those who transgress (Vandenburgh, 2004).Numerous social scientists have studied human behavior in an attempt to figure out why people commit deviant acts; according to Goode (2011), â€Å"When sociologists look at normative violations and censure of the violator, they think along two tracks and investigate two types of questions† (p. 14). Sociologists refer to these two perspectives as essentialism and constructionism; these two approaches are regarded as master visions (Goode, 2011). Essentialism sees deviance as objectively real scientifically explainable; it implies Positivism, the scientific effort to account for why p eople engage in deviant behavior.In contrast, constructionism argues that the most fundamental feature of deviance is the fact that rules, judgments of wrongdoing, and assigning offenders to deviant categories are rendered by specific audiences in specific contexts; Marxism takes a constructionism approach to explaining human behavior (Vandenburgh, 2004). Positivists believe deviants are born, not made, and are identified by visible traits they exhibit, such a physical characteristics and intelligence. Cesare Lombroso, one of earliest supporters of Positivism, believed that people biologically inherited deviant and criminal tendencies, that they were evolutionary throwbacks that could be recognized, â€Å"†¦ by atavistic appearances: heavy brow ridges, large jars, apelike ears and so on† (Vandenburgh, 2004, p. 40). Positivism proposes that if we can figure out why people commit deviant acts, society can then proceed to curb the behavior; unfortunately, these theories have been heavily criticized as they were used by some to justify racism and discrimination.Marxism, taking its name from Karl Marx, a nineteenth-century German intellectual, argued that the way we think at a particular time and place, is a reflection of the economic arrangement of the society in which we live. â€Å"Moreover, in any society, it is the dominant social class whose ideas tend to be most influential† (Goode, 2011, p. 257). Marx looked at large social phenomena to explain human behavior, focusing on the relationship between workers and owners, the unequal distribution of power, wealth and privilege and the struggle between these were thought to be the root cause of social problems. A core belief of Marxism was that crime was inevitable in capitalistic cultures because competition led to exploitation. Despite individual criticism, both perspectives hold that crime and deviance is damaging to society. This author’s beliefs, with regard to crime and deviance, tend to align more with the Marxism perspective than that of Positivism as her views take more of a constructionist approach. She believes that our modern day norms (laws) and their enforcement are every bit a social product.Marx wrote, â€Å" †¦ life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousness by life† and while we know today that a much more complex and less deterministic relationship exists between the economy and our beliefs, the argument can still be made that ideas can influence the economy as much as the economy can influence ideas and that the many institutions, religion and politics are equally capable of adding to that influence (Goode, 2011). Crime and deviance are issu es that continue to dominate the public’s imagination and interest.